ObservationObservationTypically describes ethnographic methods in the exploratory phase of the design process.
It's formalised by previous pre-structured time intervals, (using for instance worksheets and checklists). Ideal where environmental or behavioural elements are targeted and well defined.
When wanting to know “what” users do in a specific situation.
1. First of all, the researcher(s) should know what s(he) wants to observe and have a guiding set of questions (but also keep in mind that unexpected events might occur during the observation);
2. Observations can be done by observer(s), normally when participants don’t know they are being observed (“Fly-on-the-wall”) at the place where the phenomena that needs to be researched takes place, through immersion.
They can also be done without the presence of observers, placing cameras at the spot and analysing the content afterwards;
3. Despite their informal structure, semi-structured or casual observations should be well documented (with notes, sketches, photographs and/or videos).
Structured or systematic observation uses worksheets, checklists or other forms for codifying behaviours or observed artefacts and events.
- It gives the researchers actual information of what users do.
- Can lead to ethical dilemmas;
- Can be time consuming.